RDA (PDA): Rational (pathological) Demand Avoidance
«Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) er en ny atferdsprofil hos barn og unge med nevroutviklingsforstyrrelser, som består i ekstremt kravavvisende og sosialt manipulativ atferd.»
Referanser
{6115020:EZELKWZ6}
nature
default
asc
0
3449
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Ordbok - Hva betyr ordene. Preprint at https://www.sthf.no/SiteCollectionDocuments/ordb%c3%b8ker/Ordbok%20-%20Hva%20betyr%20ordene.pdf.
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Ordbok - Hva betyr ordene seksuell helse. Preprint at https://www.sthf.no/SiteCollectionDocuments/ordb%c3%b8ker/Ordbok%20-%20Hva%20betyr%20ordene%20seksuell%20helse.pdf.
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Den atferdsanalytiske forskningstradisjonen kan karakteriseres som ”bottom up” og skiller seg fra forskning innen øvrig psykologi som er 3.
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”top down”.
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NAOB. reduksjonisme. NAOB.
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reduksjonisme. Store norske leksikon (2022).
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Sletnes, K. B. positivisme. Store norske leksikon (2021).
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”Atferden er villende, menende, synsende, oppfattende, erfarende, tenkende, intelligent og så videre. Og det ser jeg med en gang, for vi lever sammen i et liv hvor vi ikke kontrollerer hverandre, men det er slik vi lever sammen. Her er ingen lovmessigheter å oppdage.”.
1.
”De gjør på en måte vold på virkeligheten, begrenser kompleksitet (...). Verden er usystematiserbar, ukategoriserbar. Det som skjer i verden, lar seg ikke innordne i noen ferdige kategorier. Det er for komplekst. Det er bare altfor komplekst.”.
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Skinner, B. F. SCIENCE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR. (The B. F. Skinner Foundation, 2014).
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Sparby, L. E. Kritikken av behaviorismen : en atferdsanalytiker og en kritiker sine oppfatninger om atferdsanalysens tilnærming til vitenskap. (Universitetet i Tromsø, 2008).
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Veslemøy Krey Stubberud. Kunsten å kaste stein i glasshus : Det vil kunne tjene Svein Eikeseth som atferdsanalytiker å lytte til kritikken mot konverteringsterapi. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening 59, 673–675.
1.
Disse metodikkene blir kalt «konverteringsterapi» av autister og motstandere over hele verden.
1.
Halvorsen, P. Vil ha tvangspraksis for retten : De hevder at behandlingen de fikk i psykisk helsevern brøt med menneskerettighetene, og krever erstatning. På sikt vil de ha forbud mot tvangsmedisinering. Psykologi 59, 608–611 (2022).
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Hva folk utenfor autismespekteret kan lære av «Kjærlighet på spekteret». https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kommentar/i/eEj6eQ/hva-folk-utenfor-autismespekteret-kan-laere-av-kjaerlighet-paa-spekteret.
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Orm, S. & Løkke, J. A. «Kjærlighet på spekteret» – sjarmerende, men også feilinformasjon om autisme. https://khrono.no/kjaerlighet-pa-spekteret-sjarmerende-men-ogsa-feilinformasjon-om-autisme/705060 (2022).
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Målet med atferdsanalytisk forskning er å finne mest mulig effektive prinsipper for atferd.
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Meningsfulle handlinger, følelser, tanker m.m. hos mennesker som er til stede i verden som personer, studeres ikke i atferdsanalyse.
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Ved at atferdsanalysen har begynt med å studere enkle fenomener, misforståes dette til at atferdsanalysen overser kompleksiteten i menneskers handlinger.
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Behaviorismen gjør vold på virkeligheten ved å anvende naturvitenskapelige metoder for å forklare menneskelige handlinger. Det er ingen lovmessigheter her. Virkeligheten er altfor kompleks til å la seg måle og innordne i kategorier.
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”På filosofisk nivå henger kritikken igjen i gammeldags behaviorisme, altså metodologisk, positivistisk behaviorisme.”.
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Skinner tok avstand fra dette kriteriet. Han innførte begrepet radikal behaviorisme for å inkludere fenomener som bare ett menneske hadde tilgang til i studiet av atferd.
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2. EØS avtalen sikrer norske interesser tilgang til EUs indre marked, men den har også ført til adopsjon av mange ordninger den norske befolkning ikke er tjent med. EØS-avtalen må derfor gjennomgås grundig og revideres i forhold til nasjonale krav og behov.
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5. Krav til offentlig finansiert forskning publiseres i åpent format, skal være fritt tilgjengelig for alle, og kunne brukes fritt med henvisning til publikasjon.
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1. Det skal opprettes eget dyrepoliti og en egen instans med inngående kompetanse om veterinærfag, etikk, juss og helse.
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9. Begrense perioden i sentrale folkevalgte lederverv til to perioder, maks 8 år.
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7. Avskaffe sperregrensen.
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6. Mulighet for enkeltkandidater uten partitilhørighet å stille til valg.
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Norges klimapolitikk dreier seg i all hovedsak om å forhindre oppvarming av kloden, men det er ikke norske utslipp som vil avgjøre klodens oppvarming. Derimot kan norske politikere gjøre tiltak for å forhindre at klimaendringene får for store konsekvenser for den norske befolkningen gjennom å utvikle god beredskap.
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Helsepartiet. Prinsipprogram i et nytt parti.
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Haug, L., Askvik, L., Hexeberg, E. & Yap, S. E. Helsepartiets Stortingsprogram for 2021-2025.
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The Aspen Institute. Empathy, Is It All It’s Cracked Up to Be? (2015).
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Singer, T. & Klimecki, O. M. Empathy and compassion. Current Biology 24, R875–R878 (2014).
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Big Think. Why Empathy Is Not the Best Way to Care | Paul Bloom | Big Think. (2017).
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BBC Reel. The surprising dark side of empathy - BBC REEL. (2022).
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Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. Paul Bloom: Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion. (2016).
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Big Think. Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom. (2022).
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TEDx Talks. The erosion of empathy | Simon Baron Cohen | TEDxHousesofParliament. (2012).
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The Atlantic. Against Empathy. (2018).
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The Agenda with Steve Paikin. Paul Bloom: Against Empathy. (2017).
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Eisenberg, N. & Miller, P. A. The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin 101, 91–119 (1987).
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Singer, P. The Empathy Trap | by Peter Singer. Project Syndicate https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/danger-of-empathy-versus-reason-by-peter-singer-2016-12 (2016).
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